Izimpahla zokuthutha ngomoya, noma imithwalo yomoya, ingachazwa kalula njengokuthutha izimpahla emazweni ngamazwe ngendiza, isuka kwelinye izwe iye kwelinye, noma ngaphakathi ezweni elinqamula izwe elikhulu. Kuyindlela esheshayo nethembekile yokuthutha izimpahla, ikakhulukazi ezincane, izimpahla zenani eliphezulu, kanye nezibolayo nezinye izinto ezizwela isikhathi.
Ukuthutha ngendiza kubiza kakhulu kunezokuthutha olwandle, kodwa kuza nokuhle kwezikhathi zokuthutha ezisuka esikhumulweni sezindiza ziye esikhumulweni sezindiza okuyizinsuku ezimbalwa nje, uma kuqhathaniswa namaviki olwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, kungase kube izindleko eziphumelelayo ukuhambisa izimpahla zenani eliphezulu nezinemali ephezulu ngomoya kunokuthutha olwandle.
Ukunquma ukuthi ukuthutha ngomoya kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthutha yezidingo zomuntu kusho ukubala izindleko zokuthunyelwa kwakho nokuqonda isikhathi esingaba sezokuthutha. Ngakho-ke lesi sihloko sihlose ukusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi aqonde kangcono ezokuthutha ezithuthwa emoyeni, ukuze akwazi ukuhlola ngokuzethemba ukuthi kuyisixazululo esifanele yini sezidingo zabo zokuthutha.
Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni?
Kusebenza kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni?
Isivinini ngokumelene nezindleko
Izidingo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa impahla yezindiza
Izingozi zokusebenzisa impahla yomoya
Ukubhuka ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yendiza ku-Alibaba.com
Amathiphu wokugcina
Kuyini ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni?
Izimpahla zomoya zilayishwa endizeni yezimpahla ezizinikele noma endaweni etholakalayo yezimpahla ezindizeni zabagibeli. Isikhala nesisindo kunqunyelwe endaweni yempahla eyabelwe ngaphakathi kwe-fuselage, njengoba ukulinganisa umthwalo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwendiza. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi isisindo seyunithi ngayinye yempahla, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikwazi ukuhambahamba phakathi nendiza.
Abathwali bomoya bahlukanisa phakathi kwesisindo sangempela, sevolumu kanye nesikhokhiswayo futhi kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwabo nini lokuthumela. Inkampani yakho yenethiwekhi izobheka isisindo sangempela kanye nesisindo se-volumetric sokuthunyelwa kwakho, bese isisindo sakho esikhokhiswayo sizobe sesibalwa.
- Isisindo sangempela sokuthunyelwa kwakho yisona sonke isisindo somthwalo, okuhlanganisa noma yikuphi ukupakisha namaphalethi, okuvamise ukuvezwa ngamakhilogremu (kgs).
- I-volumetric, noma i-dimensional, isisindo (ivolumu yempahla yakho) isekelwe kubukhulu bokuthunyelwa kwakho (ubude, ububanzi nobude ngamasentimitha). Ibuye ivezwe ngamakhilogremu futhi kusetshenziswe isilinganiso sokuminyana.
- Ezimpahla ezithunyelwa emoyeni, isilinganiso sokuminyana esingu-1:6 sisetshenziswa futhi ifomula elandelayo isetshenziswa ukubala isisindo esingakhokhiswa:
( ( L x W x H, ngamasentimitha) / 6,000 ) x inombolo yamaphakheji
Lapho uhlela futhi upakisha ukuthunyelwa kwakho, ungakwazi ukubala isisindo sakho esingakhokhiswa kuye ngephakheji esetshenzisiwe.
Kusebenza kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni?
Ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe sempahla nobunkimbinkimbi bezibalo zesisindo, izinkampani zezindiza zincamela ukuthi impahla iqale ilayishwe ezitsheni ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Unit Load Devices (ULDs). Ama-ULD anosayizi wohlobo lwendiza ngayinye futhi akhelwe indawo yawo ngaphakathi kwe-fuselage yendiza. Ezindizeni zabagibeli indawo ephansi izolayishwa ama-ULD. Zikalwa futhi zilinganiswe endizeni yonkana, futhi zinikezwa i-manifest yazo yempahla ukuze isiqukathi nokuqukethwe kuso kulandelelwe.
Izikhathi zokuthumela
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokuthutha emoyeni yizikhathi zayo zokuhamba ezimfushane kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nomhlabathi noma ulwandle futhi isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo sihloselwe isivinini. Isikhala singabhukhwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngesaziso esifushane, futhi izimpahla kulindeleke ukuthi zisuke ngokushesha endaweni yokugcina impahla ziye endaweni yokulayisha izindiza. Izindiza zilayishwa ngokushesha, indiza ngokuvamile izothatha amahora kunezinsuku, futhi izimpahla zilayishwa ngokushesha futhi zethulwe kumasiko ukuze zisuswe ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalapho ukuthunyelwa kungaphansi kokubambezeleka okungalindelekile, kunengqondo ukulindela ukuthi izimpahla zakho zingafika lapho ziya khona phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, kuye ngohlobo lwempahla.
Izimpahla ezijwayelekile ekuthuthweni kwempahla emoyeni
Ngenxa yokuthi izindleko zokuthutha ngomoya ziphakeme, izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngomoya kungenzeka zibe zibiza kakhulu noma zizwele isikhathi. Lokhu kungabandakanya imibhalo kanye nezinkontileka ezibalulekile, izimpahla zikanokusho, imithi, kanye umthengi electronic izimpahla, lapho izindleko kanye/noma ukubaluleka kwezinto kuthethelela izindleko zokuthutha.
Izimpahla ezibolayo nazo ziyazuza esikhathini esisheshayo sokumaketha lokho okunikezwayo kwezimpahla zomoya. Izinto ezifana nezimbali nezitshalo, izithelo nemifino emisha, inyama nemikhiqizo yezilwane zasolwandle zonke ziyizibonelo zezinto ezibolayo ezisebenzisa ukuthuthwa emoyeni.
Ukuthutha ngomoya futhi kunikeza izinzuzo ezincintisanayo kubakhiqizi abasebenzisa izikhathi ezimfushane zokuhamba ukuze bathole amasampula okukhiqiza noma ama-oda okuqala okumaketha ngokushesha, okungase kulandelelwe kamuva ngama-oda amakhulu olwandle.
Izingxenye eziyisipele eziphuthumayo kanye nezimpahla zokukhiqiza ezifika ngesikhathi nazo ngokuvamile zithunyelwa ngomoya ukuze kugwenywe isikhathi esibizayo sokukhiqiza sasefekthri noma ukunikeza ukusabela okungcono kwamakhasimende. Abahlinzeki be-Air express bahlinzeka ngesevisi yendiza esheshayo eqinisekisiwe kunabahlinzeki bezimpahla zomoya, ngokuvamile egxile ezintweni ezincane nezinenani eliphezulu.
Isivinini ngokumelene nezindleko
Izinzuzo zesikhathi sokuhamba esisheshayo sendlu ngendlu ziza nezindleko ezengeziwe, ngakho-ke noma yimuphi umkhiqizi noma umthengi oqhathanisa izinketho phakathi kwempahla yolwandle nomoya (noma i-air Express) kuzodingeka ahlole izinzuzo zezindleko ezihlukanisiwe ngayinye.
Izinzuzo zokuthunyelwa okusheshayo
Ezinye izimpahla zidinga ukuhamba ngokushesha, ngakho noma iyiphi into ezolahlekelwa inzuzo yayo yokuncintisana ngokubambezeleka kwesikhathi ingase idinge ukulethwa okusheshayo. Lokho kungasebenza ezimpahleni ezibolayo okufanele zibe zintsha futhi zibe sesimweni esihle. Izimpahla ezidingwa amakhasimende ngokushesha, futhi ikhasimende elilungiselwe ukukhokha iprimiyamu, zizofaneleka ukuthunyelwa ngemikhumbi. Futhi noma yiziphi ezinye izimpahla ezinikeza umdayisi inzuzo yokuncintisana ngokufika emakethe kuqala nazo zizokwenza ukuthutha emoyeni kube yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Izindleko namamajini omkhiqizo
Lapho izinzuzo zicacile, umkhawulo wenzuzo kufanele usanele ukuze kugunyazwe ukukhethwa kwempahla yokuthutha emoyeni. Ukubalwa kwezindleko kufanele kubandakanye kuzo zonke izici zokuthola imikhiqizo ekhasimendeni, okuhlanganisa ukupakisha, izindleko zokuthumela, kanye nayo yonke imisebenzi kanye nezindleko zemvume.
Uma ikhasimende lilungele ukukhokhela isevisi esheshayo, ukukhetha kucacile. Uma umkhiqizo obolayo kufanele ube musha futhi awukwazi ukuthengiswa uma ufika ngemva kwesikhathi, khona-ke ukukhetha kucacile. Lapho izindleko ziyizindleko zethuba, njengenzuzo yokuncintisana yokufika ekhasimendeni ngaphambi kwalowo oqhudelana naye, ukubala kungenye yebhizinisi eliwiniwe noma elilahlekile, kanye nokukhula kwebhizinisi okungase kube khona.
Ngezinye izikhathi nokho, kuyadingeka ukuhambisa umkhiqizo ngokushesha ngomoya, ngisho nalapho ulahlekile, lapho ukukhetha okuvamile kungaba ulwandle. Lokhu kungase kube ukulondoloza ubudlelwano obukhona beklayenti noma ukwenza okuhle ngokwehluleka kwesevisi, futhi kulezi zimo ukulinganisa kungokwesithunzi, ngisho kungenanzuzo eyiziro noma ukulahlekelwa ingqikithi.
Izidingo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni
Kunezidingo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthunyelwa kwempahla yomoya:
Impahla eyamukelekayo
Impahla kumele ibe into eyamukelekile ngaphansi Imithetho ye-IATA. Isibonelo, izimpahla eziyingozi (HAZMAT) zikhawulelwe kakhulu, ezinye azivunyelwe kunoma yiziphi izindiza, noma zivunyelwe kuphela ezindizeni ezingezona abagibeli. Okubolayo kungase kudinge isiqandisi. Izilwane eziphilayo ezithunyelwa ngezimpahla zomoya zizodinga ukugcinwa okufanele, ukudla nokunakekelwa.
emasakeni
Izimpahla kumele zilungiswe/zipakishwe ngendlela efanele uhlobo lwempahla ethile. Izimpahla akumele zihambe phakathi kokupakishwa kwazo, ukuze zingaphuki, zingavuzi noma zishintshe isisindo sazo. Umphathi wakho wezimpahla uzokweluleka ngokupakisha okungcono kakhulu ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha kwezindiza nezimpahla.
Amadokhumenti
Amadokhumenti adingekayo ekuthuthweni ngezindiza ayahluka kulawo adingekayo ekuthuthweni olwandle, ngakho-ke ukugwema ukubambezeleka noma ukwenqatshwa, izimpahla kufanele zibe nawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo. Eminye yemibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu iBill of Lading (noma I-Air Waybill ), Isitifiketi Somsuka, kanye ne-invoyisi yezohwebo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa impahla yezindiza
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa ukuthuthwa emoyeni isikhathi sokuthutha esisheshayo sempahla emabangeni amade, ngezinsuku kunamaviki, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha nokuvikeleka. Impahla ethunyelwa emoyeni ithembekile futhi inenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, ingafinyelela amaphuzu amaningi emhlabeni njengoba kunezikhumulo zezindiza. Kungase futhi kungabizi kakhulu kunokuthutha olwandle lapho izinto zisezingeni eliphezulu futhi zinenani eliphezulu.
Izingozi zokusebenzisa impahla yomoya
Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthwa emoyeni kuthathwa njengokuthembekile futhi okuphephile, futhi ngokuvamile okuthembeke kakhulu kunokuthutha olwandle. Isimo sezulu esibi singabambezela izindiza futhi amanye amadolobha ahlushwa ingozi yesimo sezulu ephakeme kunesilinganiso esingase sibangele ukuvalwa kwezindiza izinsuku ezimbalwa. Nokho, izindiza ngokuvamile zihamba ngeshejuli, noma zingahlehliswa kabusha ukuze ziye endizeni yakamuva, ngokuvamile ngalolo suku.
Izinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu eziningi zisebenzisa umzila wazo omkhulu wamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwamadolobha azo amakhulu aphakathi kwezwe. Uma umthwalo ulibangise edolobheni noma edolobheni lesifundazwe, uzothuthwa endizeni enkulu enomzimba obanzi, bese ulayishwa endizeni encane. Ukushintsha indiza kwandisa ingozi yokulimala, ukungahambi kahle noma ukulahleka. Futhi, lapho izimpahla zizothunyelwa endaweni engavamile, izindiza ezimbalwa zisho indawo elinganiselwe yempahla, engabangela ukubambezeleka ekulindeni indawo etholakalayo.
Ukubhuka ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yendiza ku-Alibaba.com
Amanani okuthutha komoya, okuhlanganisa amanani evolumu kanye namanani akhokhiswayo, ayatholakala Alibaba.com futhi on Izimpahla ze-Alibaba.com emizila eminingi.
Amathiphu wokugcina
Ukuthutha ngomoya manje sekusungulwe futhi kuyindlela evamile yokuthutha njengokuthutha olwandle futhi kuyisinqumo esinengqondo uma isikhathi sokuhamba siyisici esiyinhloko. Ukwenyuka kwakamuva kwezintengo zempahla yasolwandle okungenani kwehlise inzuzo enkulu yezindleko lezo izimpahla zasolwandle ezazivame ukuba nazo ezihamba emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthwa emoyeni kuzoqhubeka kuyindlela yokuthutha ekhethwayo yezinto ezivamile ezibolayo kanye nezimpahla zenani eliphezulu, futhi kungaba ukuncintisana nezindleko zemikhiqizo yemali ephezulu.
Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Alibaba.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.
