Ukugcinwa kwempahla kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla yenkampani, ngokuyinhloko ukugcina imikhiqizo ubude besikhathi obuhlukene, kanye nokudlulisa imikhiqizo phakathi komkhiqizi nomthengi. Lesi sihloko sichaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcinwa kwempahla, nokuthi yini ehilelekile ekuphathweni nasekusebenzeni kwe-warehouse.
Okuqukethwe
Izisekelo zokugcina impahla
Ukuphathwa kwempahla
Imisebenzi ye-warehouse
Amasistimu okuphatha ama-warehouse
Konke mayelana nokugcinwa kwempahla: izinto ezibalulekile
Izisekelo zokugcina impahla
Ama-warehouse agcina i-inventory ephathekayo eyingxenye yanoma yimuphi umthengi noma umthengisi ukuthengiswa kwezinto. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile atholakala lapho kunokufinyelela kalula khona ngamaloli, kanye nokuba seduze kwezindiza, amachweba, ujantshi wesitimela noma amanethiwekhi omgwaqo.
Banezinsiza kanye nemishini yokulayisha kanye nokwehlisa kalula amaloli, kanye nokuhambisa lezo zimpahla ziyiswe noma zibuye lapho kuzigcina khona. Amaloli okuphakamisa imfologo ahambisa izimpahla kumapulangwe osayizi abajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Amasistimu Wokuphatha Impahla (WMS) zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-inventory, umthamo wepulani, kanye nokurekhoda isitoko singena kanye nesitoko.
Ama-warehouse asetshenziswa:
- abakhiqizi ukugcina imikhiqizo
- abathekelisa nabathumela ngaphandle njengengxenye yenqubo yokuthumela ngemikhumbi
- iziphathimandla zentela njengengxenye yenqubo yokugunyazwa
- izinkampani zempahla njengengxenye yomnikelo wesevisi
- abathengisi bezitolo nabasabalalisi
- abahlinzeki be-e-commerce njengezikhungo zokugcwalisa
Ukugcinwa kwempahla kubakhiqizi
Abakhiqizi badinga indawo yokugcina izimpahla ukuze bagcine imikhiqizo yabo isikhathi esifushane, kodwa umgomo wabo uwukuthengisa nokuhambisa imikhiqizo ngokushesha. Kungase kube nezinsalela zokukhiqiza nesitoko, noma izinto ezingathengiswa, ezidinga ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.
Ukugcinwa kwempahla njengengxenye yomjikelezo wokuthumela
Izinkampani zokuthumela izimpahla zinikezele noma zabelana ngezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ukuze zibambe ukuthunyelwa okwesikhashana lapho kuvela khona noma lapho okuyiwa khona. Uma ukuthunyelwa sekulandiwe esitolo sabakhiqizi, kungase kugcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla ngesikhathi kulindwe inkampani yenethiwekhi, noma kuhlanganiswe nokunye ukuthunyelwa. Lapho ifika esikhumulweni sezindiza okuyiwa kuso, izimpahla zingase zibanjwe okwesikhashana umenzeli wezimpahla owamukelayo endaweni yazo yokugcina impahla, kuyilapho kulindele iziqondiso zokulethwa noma inkokhelo yomsebenzi evela kumthumeli.
Ukugcinwa kwempahla njengengxenye yenqubo yokukhishwa kwempahla
Uma impahla ifika esikhumulweni sezindiza, uma izimpahla zingakawasusi amasiko, zingagcinwa endaweni i-warehouse ehlanganisiwe kuze kusulwe. Izinkampani ezigunyaziwe zivunyelwe ukuthi zigcine izimpahla ezikhokhiswayo ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe isikhathi esithile endaweni ekhethiwe, enelayisensi yentela, intela kanye nezintela zimisiwe. Le ndawo ekhethiwe ibizwa ngokuthi ibhondi, noma indawo yokugcina impahla enelayisensi.
Ukugcinwa kwempahla njengengxenye yesevisi yezokuthutha
Uma ukugcinwa kwempahla kunikezwa njengesevisi yezokuthutha, umhlinzeki wezokuthutha njengenkampani ye-air express uhlinzeka ngesevisi ehlanganisiwe yokugcinwa kwempahla kanye nezinto zokuhamba ezingakalwa ngokwezidingo zekhasimende. Abahlinzeki bezokuthutha bangakwazi ke ukuhlinzeka ngamasevisi e-value-added ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngokukhiqiza ukuze bathumele izinto zokusetshenziswa noma izingxenye ezishintshayo.
Ukugcinwa kwempahla kubathengisi bezitolo nabasabalalisi
Isikhungo sokusabalalisa impahla evamise ukuba phakathi kwe-supply chain yomkhiqizi noma yomthengisi egcina uhlu lokusatshalaliswa kwesifunda kanye nokudayiswa okuqhubekela phambili. Ngale ndlela, umkhiqizi angakwazi ukubamba izinto zokusungula eziqondene nekhasimende eduze nekhasimende lakhe ukuze zilethwe ngokushesha kanye nokuthengisa kabusha. Izikhungo zokusabalalisa zingaphathwa ngumkhiqizi noma zinikezwe inkampani yangaphandle.
I-E-commerce warehousing kanye nezikhungo zokugcwalisa
A isikhungo sokugcwalisa siyindawo yokugcina impahla esetshenziswa yinoma yimuphi umthengisi noma umdayisi onesitolo sangaphambili se-e-commerce. Isikhungo sokugcwalisa sivamise ukunikezwa umhlinzeki wempahla wenkampani yangaphandle (3PL warehousing). Umthengisi noma umdayisi uzothenga imikhiqizo ngesamba esikhulu futhi ayigcine esikhungweni sokugcwalisa kuze kufike ama-oda ekhasimende e-e-commerce omkhiqizo ngamunye. Isikhungo sokugcwalisa siphatha i-inventory yomthengisi, sikhethe futhi sipakishe izinto, futhi sithumele ama-oda ngokuqondile ekhasimendeni lokugcina.
Ukuphathwa kwempahla
Ukuphathwa kwe-warehouse kufaka phakathi ukuhlela indawo yokugcina impahla, ukuhlela umsebenzi, ukuphatha i-inventory kanye nokugcwalisa ama-oda. Ukuphathwa kwe-warehouse okusebenzayo kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa kanye nokwenza kahle zonke izici zokusebenza kwe-warehouse ukwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nokugcina izindleko ziphansi.
Ukuphatha umthamo wokuthumela
Indawo yokugcina impahla ilinganiselwe; ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphatha amazinga we-inventory kanye namavolumu okuthunyelwa. Umnyombo wokulawula umthamo ukuhlela kahle, futhi isimiso sokuphatha ishede singaba usizo. Okunye ukufakwa kwempahla kungase kugcinwe okwesikhashana kanti okunye isikhathi eside, ngakho isu lokukhetha libalulekile ekuzungezweni kwempahla, isibonelo, ekusebenziseni i-FIFO noma i-LIFO (okokuqala kokuphuma kuqala, okokugcina-kokuphuma kuqala).
Ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi
Ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi endaweni yokugcina impahla kuhlanganisa ukuhlela nokuhlela amashifu namaqembu. Abasebenzi badinga ukuqeqeshwa ukuze basebenzise amasistimu, futhi babe yingxenye egqugquzelwayo yenqubo yokugcwalisa iyonke ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha okukha, ukupakisha kanye nokuthumela ngemikhumbi.
Ukuhambisana nokulawula
Ukuthobela umthetho we-warehouse kubandakanya zombili izinqubo zokuphepha ze-warehouse, kanye nemithethonqubo yokuthobela imboni. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuphathwa ngendlela ephephile kwezinto eziyingozi, ukudla, kanye nempahla yenani eliphezulu. Ukuhambisana nakho kungabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa kokuphakamisa okuphephile, ukusebenza kwe-forklift, nezinqubo zomlilo nokuphepha.
Izinqubo zokuphepha
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indawo evikelekile ye-warehouse, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwempahla. Izinhlelo zokuphepha zangaphandle zinqanda ukweba, kanti izinhlelo zangaphakathi zokuphepha zendlu egcina impahla zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukweba uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwangaphandle. Amasistimu okuphepha ahlanganisa amakhamera okuvikela, omazisi bezisebenzi, amasistimu okulandelela impahla, amasistimu ama-alamu, nezilawuli zokufinyelela kweminyango namafasitela.
Imisebenzi ye-warehouse
Ukusebenza kwe-warehouse kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile ekuhleleni nasekusebenzeni imisebenzi ye-warehouse. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwendawo kanye nokuhlelwa kwamandla, izinhlelo zokugcina izinto kanye nokwenza kahle kwempahla, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi, nokuphathwa kwamakhasimende.
Ukuhlelwa kwamandla e-warehouse
Lezi zinto zokuhlela kukho kokubili umthamo wokugcina kanye namandla okusebenza. Umthamo wesitoreji inani lesikhala esitholakalayo sokubamba i-inventory, kanti umthamo wokusebenza uyinani lendawo etholakalayo yokupakisha, ukulungiselela ukuthunyelwa, nokuthutha.
Isitoreji kanye nokwenza kahle kwempahla
Ukuthuthukisa indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nempahla kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda, okokusebenza, kanye nokulebula ukuphathwa kwempahla. Kunconywa ukuthi kube nesistimu yokubeka amarakhi esebenzisa kahle indawo ephansi neqondile. Izinto zokufinyelela zizofaka amaphalethi nama-forklift noma amasistimu wokuzenzakalela. Amasistimu wokulebula nokulandelela ngokuvamile asebenzisa amabhakhodi noma omaka be-RIFD.
I-automation ye-warehouse
Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwamarobhothi nobuchwepheshe ekugcinweni kwempahla, kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo zokusebenzisa ukunyakaza kwesitoko, ukuqoshwa, ukukha, kanye nokuphinda kusikwe kabusha.
Ukugcinwa kwempahla ye-warehouse
Ukunakekelwa njalo kwempahla ye-warehouse kubalulekile ukugcina imisebenzi isebenza. Ama-Forklift adinga ukunakekelwa, ama-trolley namakheshi ahlala esebenza kahle, futhi noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ziyahlolwa futhi ziseviswe.
Ukuphathwa Kwamakhasimende
Ngokukhula kwe-e-commerce kanye nesixhumanisi sezikhungo zokugcwalisa, abathengi bajwayele ukukhetha umkhiqizo ngokushesha kanye nezikhathi ezimfushane zokuthumela. Izinqubo zangaphakathi ze-warehouse nokusebenza kahle sekubaluleke kakhulu ekwanelisekeni kwamakhasimende, ngakho ulwazi lwekhasimende kanye nempendulo kuba yingxenye yenqubo yokwenza kahle.
Amasistimu okuphatha ama-warehouse
I-warehouse management system (WMS) isofthiwe esetshenziselwa ukuphatha zonke izici zokusebenza kwe-warehouse, njengokuphathwa kwempahla ehlanganisa ukugcwalisa, ukuqoqa nokupakisha, ukuthunyelwa, nokuphathwa kwempahla ehlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle kokuhamba komsebenzi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezibalo.
Kungani usebenzise isofthiwe ye-WMS?
Esinye sezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-WMS wukuphathwa kwempahla egciniwe. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isitokwe esikhona njengamanje endaweni yokugcina impahla, isiphi isitoko esiphansi noma esiphelile, nokuthi kukuphi endaweni yokugcina impahla ukuze usithole. Isistimu enhle iphinde ixhume endaweni yezitolo noma ye-e-commerce ukuze ibonise isitoko esitholakalayo ukuze ikhasimende lisibone.
I-WMS enhle futhi izohlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela kuzo zonke izici zokusebenza kwe-warehouse, okuhlanganisa ukwamukela nokuthunyelwa, i-inventory kanye nokugcwalisa i-oda, ukuhlelwa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi, nezindleko zokusebenza.
Izinzuzo zokuzenzakalela kwe-WMS
I-WMS ibalulekile ukuze indawo yokugcina impahla isebenze kahle futhi ilandele umkhondo wezimpahla ukusuka elolini kuye kwelinye, futhi ukusuka eshalofini kuye kwelinye. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-WMS ihlanganisa ndawonye zonke izici zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuphatha ama-KPI kanye nokwenza lula izinqubo ze-warehouse ngaphansi kweplatifomu eyodwa.
Konke mayelana nokugcinwa kwempahla: izinto ezibalulekile
Impahla yokugcina impahla iyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Kunamaphuzu amaningana ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla lapho izimpahla zidinga ukugcinwa futhi zigcinwe ubude besikhathi obuhlukene, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lokugcinwa kwempahla lunezidingo ezihlukene ekugcwaliseni ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende nezimfuneko. I-E-commerce idale isidingo sokuthi imisebenzi yesikhungo sokugcwaliseka isebenze kahle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthunyelwa kwamakhasimende.
Ukuze ube nemisebenzi eyimpumelelo ye-supply chain, kubalulekile ukufunda konke mayelana nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcinwa kwempahla. Ngale ndlela ungaqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kwe-inventory kanye nokugcwaliseka kwe-oda okufika ngesikhathi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwendlu yokugcina impahla, ukuhlela kahle nokuphathwa kwempahla kubalulekile, njengoba kunjalo nesitoreji esithuthukisiwe kanye nokuhlelwa kwamandla. Ukukhula kwebhizinisi kanye nomthamo nakho kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umthamo we-warehouse awucindezelwa. Izinhlelo zokuphatha inqolobane zibalulekile ekuphatheni konke, nasekuhleleni amasu.
Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Alibaba.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.
