Cabanga uchitha izinyanga udala okuthile okuhlukile—ilogo yomkhiqizo, isiqubulo esihehayo, noma ingoma yoqobo—ukubona omunye umuntu eyisebenzisa njengeyakhe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wakha ibhizinisi noma wenza umsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko, imithetho yempahla yobuhlakani iyasebenza ukuze uvikele umsebenzi wakho onzima nokudala.
Izimpawu zokuthengisa namalungelo okushicilela zingabadlali ababili abakhulu kulesi sikhala, kodwa abantu bavame ukudida kokubili. Zifeza izinjongo ezihlukene, futhi ukwazi ukuthi ngayinye isebenza kanjani kungakusindisa emaphutheni abizayo nasezimpini zezomthetho.
Lesi sihloko sizocacisa ukuthi ziyini izimpawu zokuthengisa namalungelo okushicilela, ukuthi zivikela ini, ukuthi ukwephulwa komthetho kubukeka kanjani, nokuthi zihluke kanjani. Ekugcineni, uzokwazi ukuthi ungayivikela kanjani imibono yakho, izinto ezidaliwe, kanye nobunikazi bebhrendi.
Okuqukethwe
Luyini uphawu lokuhweba?
Uluthola kanjani uphawu lokuhweba?
Kuyini ukwephulwa kophawu lwentengiso?
Yini i-copyright?
Kuyini ukwephulwa kwe-copyright?
Uphawu lokuhweba ngokumelene ne-copyright: Umehluko oyinhloko
1. Indlela umsebenzi ovikelwe ngayo
2. Abakuvikelayo
3. Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani
4. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo
Ngokufigqiwe
Luyini uphawu lokuhweba?
Uphawu lokuhweba (TM) luyimpahla eqanjiwe evikela amalogo, amagama ebhrendi, iziqubulo, izimpawu, noma imiklamo esiza ekuhlonzeni nasekuhlukaniseni izimpahla noma amasevisi ebhizinisi. Empeleni, izimpawu zokuhweba zivimbela abanye ekusebenziseni izimpawu ezingase kudideke abathengi mayelana nomthombo womkhiqizo noma isevisi.
Ngaphansi koMthetho Wezimpawu Zohwebo ka-1994, izimpawu zokuhweba zingathatha izinhlobo ezahlukene ezihlobene nezimpahla noma ukupakishwa, njenge:
- Amagama noma amagama
- Izinhlamvu noma izinombolo
- Umsindo
- Designs
- Colors
- Shapes
Ukubhalisa uphawu lokuhweba kusiza ukumisa abanye ekusebenziseni kabi isithunzi somkhiqizo nebhizinisi. Nokho, ukuze ubhalise ngempumelelo uphawu lokuhweba, kufanele luhlangabezane nezidingo ezithile:
- Kufanele ihluke futhi ingaba igama, ilogo, isithombe, noma ingxube.
- Akufanele kube igama elivamile noma igama lendawo.
- Kufanele ihluke futhi ingafani kakhulu nezimpawu zokuthengisa ezikhona.
Uluthola kanjani uphawu lokuhweba?
Nakuba izimpawu zokuhweba zingasetshenziswa futhi zivikelwe ngaphansi komthetho ovamile ngaphandle kokubhaliswa, ukubhalisa uphawu lwakho lokuthengisa nesikhungo sikahulumeni esifanele (njenge-USPTO yase-United States) kunikeza izinzuzo zomthetho ezengeziwe. Ukubhalisa kunikeza isivikelo sezwe lonke, kusiza ezingxabanweni ezingokomthetho, futhi kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise uphawu ®.
Kuyini ukwephulwa kophawu lwentengiso?
Ukwephulwa komthetho wophawu lwentengiso kwenzeka lapho othile esebenzisa uphawu olufanayo noma oludidayo olufana nophawu lokuthengisa olubhalisiwe ngaphandle kwemvume, ikakhulukazi uma lubangela abathengi ukuba benze iphutha lomunye uhlobo lolunye.
Isibonelo, uma inkampani yendawo yamateku iqala ukuthengisa izicathulo ezinophawu olufana ne-Nike swoosh, ingadukisa amakhasimende ekucabangeni ukuthi athenga imikhiqizo ye-Nike. Ingxabano yakamuva yophawu lokuhweba ihilela u-Oatly (umkhiqizo wobisi lwe-oat yomhlaba wonke) eyisa umkhiqizi ozinze e-UK enkantolo, ethi igama lakhe negama lakhe kufana kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, iNkantolo Ephakeme yabuyekeza icala futhi yakhipha isinqumo ngokumelene negama lamazwe ngamazwe, yachitha izimangalo zakho kokubili ukwephulwa kwezimpawu zokuthengisa kanye “nokudlula emhlabeni.”
Yini i-copyright?
Ngokungafani nezimpawu zokuthengisa, ezivikela ukumaketha, i-copyright ivikela imisebenzi yoqobo yokuvezwa kobuciko. Lokhu kubandakanya ubuciko, umculo, izincwadi, izithombe, isofthiwe, nokuningi. Uma ubhale inoveli, uqambe ingoma, noma udale umdwebo, imithetho ye-copyright iqinisekisa ukuthi akekho omunye umuntu ongakopisha ngokusemthethweni, akhiqize kabusha, noma asabalalise umsebenzi wakho ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.
Ukuvikela i-copyright kuyazenzakalela uma noma ubani akha futhi elungisa umsebenzi wakhe ngendlela ephathekayo. Yize ungadingi ukubhalisa umsebenzi wakho ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright, ukwenza kanjalo nehhovisi lezwe lakho lamalungelo okukopisha kunikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe zomthetho, ikakhulukazi emacaleni okuphulwa komthetho.
Kuyini ukwephulwa kwe-copyright?
Ukwephulwa kwe-copyright kwenzeka uma othile esebenzisa umsebenzi wakho wobuciko ngaphandle kwemvume ngendlela ephula amalungelo akho akhethekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- Ukukhiqiza kabusha noma ukusabalalisa umsebenzi wakho ngaphandle kwemvume.
- Ukulungisa umsebenzi wakho ukuze udale okuqukethwe kokunye ngaphandle kokugunyazwa (isb., i-remix yengoma yakho).
- Ukwenza noma ukubonisa umsebenzi wakho esidlangalaleni ngaphandle kwelayisensi efanele.
Isibonelo: Uma inkampani isebenzisa isithombe esivela kwiphothifoliyo yomthwebuli wezithombe ngaphandle kokusinikeza ilayisense, lokho kuwukwephulwa kwe-copyright.
Uphawu lokuhweba ngokumelene ne-copyright: Umehluko oyinhloko
Nakuba izimpawu zokuhweba namalungelo okushicilela kuvikela impahla eqanjiwe, inhloso yazo kanye nobubanzi bazo kwehluka kakhulu. Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa:
1. Indlela umsebenzi ovikelwe ngayo
Izimpawu zokuhweba zinikeza isivikelo esigcwele ngemva kokubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni. Ukuvikela umsebenzi wakho ngaphandle kokubhalisa kuyenzeka, kodwa akuqinisekisiwe. Uma inhlangano yokubhalisa ingenazo izinhloso, izoqala inqubo yokubhalisa, evame ukuthatha cishe izinyanga ezine. Uma isiphumelele, abanikazi bophawu bazoba namalungelo asemthethweni okuvimbela abanye ekusebenziseni noma ukukopisha umsebenzi wabo ngaphandle kwemvume yabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilungelo lobunikazi lisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kuwe noma ibhizinisi lakho lapho udala okuthile okwangempela. Njengoba inikeza isivikelo ngokushesha, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwengeza uphawu lwe-copyright (©) kunoma yini abayidalayo—kuzokwenza ukuvikela umsebenzi wakho kube lula uma othile eyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume.
2. Abakuvikelayo
Nakuba uphawu lokuhweba luqinisekisa ukuthi akekho omunye umuntu ongasebenzisa uphawu, igama, noma isiqubulo esingase kudideke abathengi mayelana nomsuka wezimpahla noma amasevisi, i-copyright inikeza amalungelo akhethekile ngokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kabusha, nokusabalalisa umsebenzi wokudala wokuqala. Nakhu ukubukeka okunemininingwane eyengeziwe:
Ingabe uphawu lokuhweba luvikela ini?
Izimpawu zokuthengisa zimayelana nobunikazi bomkhiqizo. Basiza amakhasimende ukubona umkhiqizo noma isevisi evela enkampanini ethile. Isibonelo, i-Nike swoosh, ilogo ye-apula elunyiwe ye-Apple, kanye namakhothamo egolide akwaMcDonald zonke izimpawu zokuthengisa ezifanekisela imikhiqizo yazo.
Izimpawu zokuhweba zingasebenza ku:
- Ama-logos nezimpawu eziyingcaca.
- Amagama ebhrendi namagama emikhiqizo.
- Iziqubulo, ezifana nethi “Just Do It” (Nike).
- Ukupakishwa okuyingqayizivele, okwaziwa ngokuthi ingubo yokuhweba.
I-copyright ivikela ini?
Ilungelo lobunikazi lisebenza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wangempela olungiswe ngendlela ephathekayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbono wakho kufanele ubhalwe phansi, urekhodwe, noma ulondolozwe ngenye ifomethi ukuze ufanelekele ukuvikelwa. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Umdlalo wesikrini owubhalile une-copyright.
- Ingoma oyiqophile ine-copyright.
- Umdwebo noma isithombe osidalile sine-copyright.
Kodwa-ke, i-copyright ayivikeli imibono—kuphela indlela ethile umbono ovezwa ngayo.
3. Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Izimpawu zokuhweba ngeke zibe nedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi inqobo nje uma abanikazi bezisebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo kwezohwebo futhi bazivuselele ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinye izifunda zidinga ukuvuselelwa njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Nokho, ukwehluleka ukuvuselela uphawu lokuhweba kusho ukuthi noma ubani angaluthatha futhi alubhalise.
Ngokuphambene, amalungelo okukopisha ngokuvamile ahlala ukuphila komdali kanye neminyaka engu-70 (ubude besikhathi buyahlukahluka ngokwamazwe). Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi ungena esizindeni somphakathi, uvumela noma ubani ukuba awusebenzise ngaphandle kwenkinga yezomthetho.
4. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo
Omunye umehluko obalulekile ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo. Izimpawu zokuhweba zidinga ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ebhizinisini. Ingase ingavumelekile uma uyeka ukusebenzisa uphawu lwakho lokuhweba isikhathi eside. Nokho, i-copyright ayidingi ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo. Umsebenzi wakho wokudala uvikelekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyawusabalalisa noma awuwusabalalisi.
Ngokufigqiwe
Uma uvikela impahla yengqondo, izimpawu zokuthengisa namalungelo okushicilela kufeza izinjongo ezihluke kakhulu. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa izimpawu zokuthengisa ukuze avikele ubunikazi bemikhiqizo yawo (amalogo, iziqubulo, noma amagama emikhiqizo). Abaqambi basebenzisa ilungelo lobunikazi ukuze bavikele imisebenzi yabo, njengezingoma, izincwadi, noma amafilimu.
Ukwazi umehluko kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho nezimpahla zokudala ziphephile, noma ngabe ukwakha ibhizinisi, ukubhala incwadi, noma ukuqamba umsebenzi wobuciko. Ngokusebenzisa ngempumelelo lezi zivikelo, ungagxila ekukhuleni nasekusunguleni ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi uzolahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho owusebenze kanzima ukuze usebenzise kabi noma ukweba.
